NELSON MANDELA: was the first democratically elected South African president by universal suffrage and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, was arrested in 1962 and convicted of sabotage, to life imprisonment. Mandela spent 27 years in prison, most of which was confined to the prison on Robben Island. After his release on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations for a multiracial democracy in South Africa, which was achieved in 1994 with the first democratic elections by universal suffrage. Mandela won the election and was president from 1994 to 1999, often giving priority to reconciliation.
STEPHEN BIKO: was a South African anti-apartheid activist. SASO was one of the first organizations of “Black Consciousness” that emerged. He defined “black” differently how he did the ANC of Nelson Mandela as “included not only Africans (blacks), but also mixed breeds, mulattoes and Indians, at that time, all these designated “nonwhite” by the apartheid state. founded and worked at the “black Community Programme”, in Durban, for political and socio-economic development of the brothers of the black community of South Africa. occurred in June 1976 the slaughter of students in Soweto and Soweto leaders asked the government of South Africa to negotiate the future of the country with Nelson Mandela, Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko. on September 12, 1977, Steve Biko was killed at a police checkpoint in Port Elizabeth. it was the twenty-third person who died under mysterious circumstances in the jails of South Africa. Steven Biko became a symbol of the black movement.
FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK: In 1989 Pieter Willem Botha replaced as president of the government, a position from which initiated a policy of reforms aimed at overcoming apartheid. This segregation laws repealed and released several black political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, legalized the African National Congress (ANC) and gave the country a new constitution. In 1992 he was awarded, along with Nelson Mandela, the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation, for their efforts in the end of apartheid and for human rights. In 1993 the ANC agreed with the formation of a transitional government and holding, the following year of presidential elections. Therefore, the same year he was awarded, along with Nelson Mandela, the Nobel Peace Prize. Finally, in 1997 he decided to retire from politics.
He defined “black” differently how he did the ANC of Nelson Mandela as “included not only Africans (blacks), but also mixed breeds, mulattoes and Indians, at that time, all these designated “nonwhite” by the apartheid state. founded and worked at the “black Community Programme”, in Durban, for political and socio-economic development of the brothers of the black community of South Africa. occurred in June 1976 the slaughter of students in Soweto and Soweto leaders asked the government of South Africa to negotiate the future of the country with Nelson Mandela, Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko. on September 12, 1977, Steve Biko was killed at a police checkpoint in Port Elizabeth. it was the twenty-third person who died under mysterious circumstances in the jails of South Africa. Steven Biko became a symbol of the black movement.
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